References & Further Reading

References

  1. B. Nazer and M. Gastpar, Computation Over Multiple-Access Channels, 2007

    Foundational AirComp paper: introduced computation over MACs as an information-theoretic primitive.

  2. M. Goldenbaum, H. Boche, and S. Stanczak, Harnessing Interference for Analog Function Computation in Wireless Sensor Networks, 2013

    The practical treatment of AirComp with nomographic functions — characterizes the function class computable in one channel use.

  3. A. N. Kolmogorov, On the Representation of Continuous Functions of Many Variables by Superposition of Continuous Functions of One Variable and Addition, 1957

    The original 1957 superposition theorem — guarantees every continuous aggregate admits a nomographic representation. Foundational for §16.3.

  4. D. A. Sprecher, On the Structure of Continuous Functions of Several Variables, 1965

    Constructive form of Kolmogorov's theorem with explicit universal functions.

  5. O. Abari, H. Rahul, and D. Katabi, Over-the-Air Function Computation in Sensor Networks, 2016

    Practical AirComp implementations for WSN and FL settings; detailed hardware-level synchronization considerations.

  6. X. Cao, G. Zhu, J. Xu, and K. Huang, Optimized Power Control Design for Over-the-Air Federated Edge Learning, 2020

    AirComp power control for FL; derives zero-forcing MSE and threshold user selection.

  7. W. Liu, X. Zang, Y. Li, and B. Vucetic, Over-the-Air Computation Systems: Optimization, Analysis and Scaling Laws, 2020

    MMSE receivers for AirComp; high-SNR scaling laws.

  8. K. Yang, T. Jiang, Y. Shi, and Z. Ding, Federated Learning via Over-the-Air Computation, 2020

    The canonical reference for AirComp-based FL. Practical scheduling, power control, convergence analysis.

  9. M. Seif, W.-T. Chang, and R. Tandon, Wireless Federated Learning with Local Differential Privacy, 2020

    AirComp with local DP: $\sqrt{n}$-amplification result and per-user MI privacy bounds. Basis for §16.4.

  10. D. Liu and O. Simeone, Privacy for Free: Wireless Federated Learning via Uncoded Transmission With Adaptive Power Control, 2021

    "Privacy for free" perspective on AirComp; refined DP analysis under adaptive power control.

  11. K. Bonawitz et al., Practical Secure Aggregation for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning, 2017

    Baseline secure aggregation for FL. Compared with AirComp in the cmp-aircomp-vs-secagg table.

  12. H. B. McMahan, E. Moore, D. Ramage, S. Hampson, and B. A. y Arcas, Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data, 2017

    The FedAvg paper. Motivating application for AirComp aggregation of gradients.

Further Reading

Resources for going deeper into AirComp theory and wireless FL connections.

  • AirComp foundations — full treatment

    Nazer & Gastpar, IEEE T-IT 2007; Goldenbaum et al., IEEE T-SP 2013

    Together these span the information-theoretic foundation and the engineering practice of AirComp.

  • AirComp for FL — deployment survey

    Yang, Jiang, Shi, Ding, IEEE T-WC 2020

    The canonical tutorial-style treatment of AirComp-based FL. Includes power control, scheduling, and convergence analysis.

  • Privacy analysis of AirComp

    Seif, Tandon, ISIT 2020; Liu, Simeone, IEEE JSAC 2021

    Modern DP/IT privacy analyses of AirComp. Useful before deploying in privacy-sensitive applications.

  • Hardware practicalities of AirComp

    Abari, Rahul, Katabi, arXiv 2016

    Synchronization, calibration, and carrier-phase alignment for practical AirComp deployments.

  • Coded caching (Book CC)

    Maddah-Ali, Niesen, IEEE T-IT 2014

    Coded caching and AirComp share the same MAC-superposition primitive viewed from different applications.