References & Further Reading

References

3GPP, NR; Multiplexing and channel coding, 2022. [Link]
The canonical 5G NR channel-coding specification. Defines LDPC base graphs BG1/BG2, code-block segmentation, rate matching, and the BICM interleaver. Read together with TS 38.214 for a complete picture of NR BICM.
3GPP, NR; Physical layer procedures for data, 2022. [Link]
The canonical 5G NR link-adaptation specification. Defines the MCS tables (Tables 5.1.3.1-1 through -4), CQI tables, TBS tables, and the scheduling restrictions that bind them. All numerical examples of Section 9.1 are derived from this document.
IEEE 802.11 Working Group, IEEE Std 802.11ax-2021: Enhancements for high-efficiency WLAN, 2021. [Link]
Wi-Fi 6 specification. Defines the HE PHY (high-efficiency) with 1024-QAM, OFDMA resource units, and MCS 0-11. The MCS table is in §27.5.
IEEE 802.11 Working Group, IEEE Std 802.11be-2024: Enhancements for extremely high throughput, 2024. [Link]
Wi-Fi 7 specification. Adds 4096-QAM, 320 MHz channels, and Multi-Link Operation. MCS 12, 13 introduced for 4096-QAM. The "benchmarking-only" analysis of Section 9.2 is based on the Annex F sensitivity tables.
ETSI, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2), 2014. [Link]
DVB-S2 specification. Defines the BCH + LDPC concatenation, APSK constellations (16-, 32-APSK), and the ring-ratio design in Annex A. The APSK ring-ratio example (§9.3) uses Table A.3 of this document.
ETSI, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Part 2: DVB-S2 Extensions (DVB-S2X), 2015. [Link]
DVB-S2X extension specification. Adds 64-, 128-, 256-APSK, more code rates, and VL-SNR codes for mobile satellite terminals. Retains the LDPC + BCH + APSK BICM structure of DVB-S2.
G. Böcherer, F. Steiner, and P. Schulte, Bandwidth efficient and rate-matched low-density parity-check coded modulation, 2015
The PAS paper. Introduces Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping: systematic LDPC + CCDM distribution matcher + amplitude-sign label split. Proves the MB-shaping optimality and demonstrates 1.5 dB gain on AWGN for 64-QAM. The single most impactful paper on BICM since Caire-Taricco-Biglieri 1998.
T. J. Richardson and R. L. Urbanke, The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding, 2001
The density-evolution paper that underpins all modern LDPC design, including the NR base-graph optimisation. Theorem 2 is the main tool: predicts the decoder threshold from the degree distributions.
G. Liva, A decade of LDPC codes for 5G-NR, 2018
Tutorial on the NR LDPC code family and its 3GPP-RAN1 design history. Explains the two-base-graph architecture and the rate-matching decisions. Recommended companion to TS 38.212.
G. Caire, G. Taricco, and E. Biglieri, Bit-interleaved coded modulation, 1998
Foundational BICM paper. Read for the theoretical foundation of every standard discussed in this chapter. See Chapter 5 for the full analysis.
Optical Internetworking Forum, Implementation Agreement 400ZR, 2020. [Link]
The first commercial standard to mandate probabilistic amplitude shaping. Specifies DP-16QAM with CCDM shaping, target rate 3.17 bits/symbol per polarisation, for 400 Gbps coherent optical transmission over $\\sim 120$ km. The PAS-in-practice reference.
F. Steiner, G. Böcherer, Comparison of geometric and probabilistic shaping with application to ATSC 3.0, 2017
Comparative analysis of probabilistic vs geometric shaping in the BICM framework. Shows that PAS achieves the same asymptotic shaping gain with simpler hardware than geometric shaping.
P. Schulte and G. Böcherer, Constant composition distribution matching, 2016
The companion paper to Böcherer-Steiner-Schulte 2015, giving the streaming arithmetic-coding implementation of the CCDM. Proves the rate-to-target-entropy convergence as block length grows.
A. J. Goldsmith and S.-G. Chua, Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels, 1997
The foundational AMC paper. Proves that the pointwise-greedy rate-adaptation policy is optimal on block-fading channels under a BER target. The AMC throughput theorem of Section 9.4 is a direct descendant.
G. Caire and D. Tuninetti, The throughput of hybrid-ARQ protocols for the Gaussian collision channel, 2001
HARQ throughput analysis on fading channels. The throughput formula $\\eta_{\\rm HARQ} = \\eta_0 / \\mathbb{E}[K]$ of Section 9.1 is Theorem 2 of this paper. Also introduces the information-theoretic analysis of HARQ-IR as a rate-matched random-coding argument.
R. De Gaudenzi, A. Guillén i Fàbregas, and A. Martinez, Performance analysis of turbo-coded APSK modulations over nonlinear satellite channels, 2006
Quantitative analysis of APSK performance over non-linear TWT channels. Justifies the 1-2 dB APSK-over-QAM gain on satellite channels that motivates the DVB-S2 constellation choice.
A. Morello and V. Mignone, DVB-S2: The second generation standard for satellite broad-band services, 2006
The DVB-S2 design retrospective by the ETSI TM-SS chair. Explains the engineering rationale behind LDPC + BCH + APSK and the 28- MODCOD table. The most-cited overview paper on DVB-S2.
L.-F. Wei, Trellis-coded modulation with multidimensional constellations, 1987
Multidimensional TCM with ring constellations — the pre-BICM ancestor of DVB-S2's APSK. Referenced for historical context on ring-constellation design.
G. D. Forney Jr. and G. Ungerboeck, Modulation and coding for linear Gaussian channels, 1998
Survey of coded modulation on Gaussian channels. Section III.C defines the shaping gain and derives the $\\pi e / 6 \\approx 1.53$ dB cubic-shaping-gap formula used in Section 9.5.
J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 5th ed., 2008
Standard textbook. Chapter 9 covers HARQ protocols and rate matching; Chapter 8 the BICM paradigm. Reference for the PEP bounds used in Section 9.1.
T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, Wiley-Interscience, 2nd ed., 2006
Source of the discrete max-entropy theorem (Theorem 12.1.1) underlying the Maxwell-Boltzmann derivation in Section 9.5.