References & Further Reading

References

  1. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Cambridge University Press, 3rd ed., 2024

    The standard textbook for wireless propagation. Chapters 3–5 cover large-scale path loss, empirical models, and ray tracing in detail.

  2. A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005

    Clear treatment of path-loss models and shadowing in Chapters 2–3, with emphasis on system-level implications.

  3. A. F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, Wiley-IEEE Press, 3rd ed., 2023

    Comprehensive coverage of propagation including ray tracing, measurement-based models, and MIMO channel characterisation.

  4. M. Hata, Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, 1980

    The original Hata model paper, fitting Okumura's measurements into closed-form expressions.

  5. 3GPP, TR 38.901: Study on Channel Model for Frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz, 3GPP Technical Report, Release 17, 2022. [Link]

    The definitive 3GPP channel model specification for 5G NR system-level simulations.

  6. T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, et al., Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G Cellular: It Will Work!, IEEE Access, vol. 1, 2013

    Seminal paper demonstrating the feasibility of mmWave communications, with extensive propagation measurements at 28 and 73 GHz.

  7. M. Gudmundson, Correlation Model for Shadow Fading in Mobile Radio Systems, Electronics Letters, vol. 27, no. 23, 1991

    Introduces the exponential decorrelation model for spatially correlated shadowing, widely used in system simulations.

  8. D. A. McNamara, C. W. I. Pistorius, and J. A. G. Malherbe, Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction, Artech House, 1990

    Detailed treatment of UTD, the theoretical foundation for diffraction in ray-tracing propagation models.

Further Reading

For readers who want to go deeper into specific topics from this chapter.

  • Millimeter-wave propagation and channel modelling

    Rappaport et al., "Overview of Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation (5G) Wireless Networks," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2017

    Comprehensive survey of mmWave propagation characteristics, measurement campaigns, and channel models for 5G.

  • Ray tracing for wireless channel modelling

    Yun and Iskander, "Ray Tracing for Radio Propagation Modeling: Principles and Applications," IEEE Access, 2015

    Excellent tutorial on ray-tracing algorithms (image method, ray launching), GPU acceleration, and validation against measurements.

  • Machine learning for propagation prediction

    Thrane et al., "Model-Aided Deep Learning Method for Path Loss Prediction in Mobile Communication Systems at 2.6 GHz," IEEE Access, 2020

    Explores how neural networks can augment or replace traditional empirical models, bridging statistical and site-specific approaches.

ExercisesCh 6 →