References

References

1. E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, and J. Skold, 5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology, Academic Press (2nd edition), 2020

   The definitive reference on 5G NR physical layer design, written by Ericsson engineers who were instrumental in the 3GPP standardisation. Covers numerology, frame structure, MIMO, beam management, URLLC, and mMTC in comprehensive detail. The primary textbook companion for this chapter.

2. 3GPP, TS 38.211: Physical Channels and Modulation, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 2023

   The NR specification defining the resource grid, numerology, reference signal structure (DM-RS, CSI-RS, SSB), physical channel mapping, and modulation schemes. The authoritative source for all time-frequency resource element definitions.

3. 3GPP, TS 38.212: Multiplexing and Channel Coding, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 2023

   Specifies LDPC coding for data channels and polar coding for control channels in NR, including base graphs, lifting sizes, rate matching, and HARQ procedures.

4. 3GPP, TS 38.213: Physical Layer Procedures for Control, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 2023

   Defines PDCCH, CORESET, search space, beam management (SSB, CSI-RS measurement, beam failure recovery), and DCI formats including the URLLC preemption indication (DCI format 2_1).

5. 3GPP, TS 38.214: Physical Layer Procedures for Data, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 2023

   Covers CSI measurement and reporting (Type I and Type II), CQI/MCS tables, PDSCH/PUSCH resource allocation, and link adaptation procedures. Tables 5.2.2.1-2 through 5.2.2.1-4 define the NR MCS tables.

6. A. F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons (2nd edition), 2011

   Chapters 24 (LTE) and 32 (overview of 4G systems) provide the system-level perspective on LTE design choices, including the rationale for SC-FDMA, CRS design, and HARQ timing.

7. A. A. Zaidi, R. Baldemair, V. Moles-Cases, N. He, K. Werner, and A. Cedergren, OFDM Numerology Design for 5G New Radio to Support IoT, eMBB, and MBSFN, IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 2018

   Describes the design rationale for NR's scalable numerology, including the trade-offs between SCS, CP length, and slot duration for different deployment scenarios and use cases.

8. Y. Polyanskiy, H. V. Poor, and S. Verdu, Channel Coding Rate in the Finite Blocklength Regime, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2010

   Foundational paper establishing the normal approximation for finite-blocklength capacity, showing that the maximum rate at block length $n$ and error probability $\epsilon$ is $C - \sqrt{V/n}\,Q^{-1}(\epsilon) + O(\log n/n)$. Essential for URLLC reliability analysis.

9. S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker, LTE — The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons (2nd edition), 2011

   Comprehensive reference on LTE physical layer, MAC, and RRM. Chapters on OFDMA/SC-FDMA, physical channels, reference signals, and MIMO modes provide the LTE foundations for the LTE-NR comparison in this chapter.

Further Reading

• NR beam management and initial access

  Giordani, Polese, Roy, Castor, and Zorzi, "A Tutorial on Beam Management for 3GPP NR at mmWave Frequencies," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2019

  A comprehensive tutorial on NR beam management procedures including P1/P2/P3, beam tracking, and beam failure recovery, with system-level simulation results showing the impact of beam sweeping parameters on access latency and throughput.

• URLLC physical layer design

  Popovski, Trillingsgaard, Simeone, and Durisi, "5G Wireless Network Slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A Communication-Theoretic View," IEEE Access, 2018

  Information-theoretic framework for the three 5G use cases, including finite-blocklength analysis for URLLC and the fundamental trade-offs in multiplexing eMBB and URLLC on the same carrier through puncturing.

• 5G-Advanced and 6G vision

  Saad, Bennis, and Chen, "A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems," IEEE Network, 2020

  A forward-looking survey of 6G technology candidates including sub-THz communications, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, AI-native air interface, and joint communication and sensing. Provides context for the evolution beyond NR Release 17.

• NR MIMO and CSI feedback

  Schwarz, "Robust Full-Dimension MIMO Transmission Based on Limited Feedback," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 2019

  Detailed analysis of NR Type I and Type II CSI feedback performance for full-dimension MIMO, including the quantisation error analysis and MU-MIMO throughput comparisons that inform practical codebook design.