Chapter 24: 4G LTE and 5G NR

Learning Objectives

• Describe the LTE physical layer including OFDMA downlink, SC-FDMA uplink, frame structure, physical channels, and reference signal design
• Explain 5G NR flexible numerology with scalable subcarrier spacing, bandwidth parts, and mini-slot scheduling
• Analyse 5G NR massive MIMO and beam management procedures including SSB beam sweeping, CSI-RS, and the P1/P2/P3 beam management framework
• Compare codebook-based and non-codebook-based precoding in NR, including Type I and Type II CSI feedback
• Distinguish the three 5G use-case families (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC) and their physical layer design trade-offs including reliability targets and grant-free access
• Perform a systematic comparison of LTE and NR across key parameters and discuss the evolution path toward 5G-Advanced and 6G